Introduction to WWW

M2-R5.1 · Chapter 1: Introduction to Web Design · 5 min read

🌐 World Wide Web (WWW)

The World Wide Web (WWW), also known simply as the Web, is the part of the internet that contains websites and web pages.

WWW is a collection of interconnected web pages, linked through hypertext and stored on web servers, which are accessed by local computers via the internet.
It works on a Client–Server Architecture, where documents are written in HTML (HyperText Markup Language).
The WWW was developed by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN, Geneva, Switzerland.

👉 First Web Browser: Mosaic (1992)
👉 Popular Early Browser: Netscape Navigator (1994)

Internet: A global network of interconnected computers and devices that communicate using protocols like TCP/IP. It provides the infrastructure for data transfer.
WWW: A service that runs on the internet, consisting of websites and web pages accessible via browsers using HTTP/HTTPS.

Web Browsers
Applications like Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Microsoft Edge, and Safari that retrieve, interpret, and display web content.
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
The standard language for creating web pages, structuring content with headings, paragraphs, images, and links.
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
Defines the design and layout of web pages, including colors, fonts, and styles.
JavaScript
A programming language that enables dynamic and interactive features (e.g., form validation, animations, real-time updates).
Web Servers
Computers that store, process, and deliver web pages to browsers upon request.
HTTP/HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol / Secure)
Protocols used for communication between browsers and servers.
- HTTP: Standard protocol.
- HTTPS: Secure protocol with encryption.
URLs (Uniform Resource Locators)
Addresses used to access specific web pages or resources.
Example: https://www.example.com
DNS (Domain Name System)
Translates human-readable domain names (e.g., www.google.com) into IP addresses that computers use to identify each other.

A website is a collection of interlinked web pages, associated with a person, business, school, government, or organization.
A website may consist of a single page or multiple pages containing information.
Websites provide a large amount of information and come in various types (e.g., education, jobs, e-commerce).

👉 To display a website on the internet, you need:

Web Browser: A user types a domain name (e.g., www.example.com) in a browser like Chrome, Safari, or Firefox.
DNS (Domain Name System): The DNS translates the domain name into an IP address, which points to the web server hosting the site.
Request & Response: The browser sends a request to the server. The server processes it and sends back the website files (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, images).
Rendering: The browser renders these files and displays the website to the user

A web page is an electronic document written in HTML.
It is accessible through the internet using a web browser.
Each web page has a unique address called a URL (Uniform Resource Locator).
The first page of any website is known as the homepage.
A web page can contain text, graphics, audio, video, and other multimedia content.
A web page is part of a website.

A hyperlink is a web navigation element that allows users to move or navigate between different web pages.
Hyperlinks can also be used to download files such as images, audio, and video.
They are usually displayed as blue underlined text (though the style can be customized).

Text Hyperlink – Links created using text.
Image Hyperlink – Links created using images.
Image Maps – A single image divided into multiple clickable areas, each acting as a different link.

Hypertext is text that contains hyperlinks.
When clicked, it connects to another page, resource, or section within the same page.