More Types of Sensor

3. LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) :

An LDR sensor (Light Dependent Resistor), also known as a photoresistor, is a passive electronic component that changes its resistance based on the intensity of light falling on it.

It’s one of the most common and simplest light sensors used in electronics and IoT applications.

In bright light, the LDR’s resistance decreases and in darkness or low light, the LDR’s resistance increases .

4. Air Quality Sensor (MQ135) :

The MQ-135 sensor is an air quality sensor used to detect a wide range of gases and pollutants in the environment.

It's popular in IoT, smart home, and environmental monitoring projects because it can measure harmful gases commonly found in polluted air.

It contains a chemical-sensitive material (tin dioxide, SnO₂) that changes resistance based on gas concentration.
It detects –

• Carbon dioxide (CO₂)
• Ammonia (NH₃)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• Benzene
• Smoke
• Alcohol
• Other volatile organic compounds (VOCs) 

Note - According To Our Syllabus We use MQ135 as Smoke sensor.

 

 

 

 

5. Tilt Sensor :

Tilt Sensors are also known as inclinometers.

They are a type of position sensor used to measure angles or the slope of an object.

It detects the angle of the object from Horizontal or Vertical.

This sensor is very much seen in today's smart phones.

6. Gyroscope Sensor :

A sensor or device which is used to measure the Angular rate or Angular velocity is known as Gyro sensors, Gyroscopic sensors ("gyro
sensors") are one type of motion sensing device. They are capable of sensing movements that are difficult for humans to detect, such as rotation and changes in orientation in 3 –axis .

The most important application is monitoring the orientation of an object. Their main applications are in car navigation systems, game controllers, cellular & camera devices, consumer electronics, robotics control drone & RC control helicopter or UAV control, vehicle
control and many more..

 

7. PIR Motion Detector Sensor:

A passive infrared sensor is an electronic sensor that measures infrared light radiating from objects in its field of view PIR sensors detect motion by sensing infrared radiation emitted by objects with heat, such as humans and animals.

These sensors have two slots made of a material sensitive to infrared. When a warm object moves across the sensor's field of view, it causes a change in the infrared levels detected by the two slots. This difference in infrared radiation is interpreted as motion, triggering the sensor.

8. Touch Sensor:

Touch sensor has been common nowadays for displays and lot projects of applications as well. A touch sensor is an electronic sensor used in detecting and recording physical
touch.  Also known as tactile sensors, it's a small, simple, low-cost sensor. Touch sensor are commonly two types –
1.) Capacitive touch sensor-
Commonly associated with MicroChip AT-42QT1010, a Capacitive touch sensor measures touch based on electrical disturbance from a change in capacitance. It consists of an
electrode film on top of the glass panel that's conductively coated with a printed circuit pattern around the outer viewing area.
2.) Resistive touch sensor-
Resistive touch sensor measures touch through responding to the pressure applied to their surface. It consists of two conductive layers and a non-conductive separator. Unlike the capacitive touch sensors, it's not multi-touch compatible

9. Humidity sensor (DHT11) :

Humidity is defined as the amount of water vapour in an atmosphere of air or other gases. These sensors usually follow the use of temperature sensors, as many manufacturing processes require perfect working conditions.

Through measuring humidity, you can ensure that the whole process runs smoothly, and when there is any sudden change, action can be taken immediately, as sensors detect the change almost instantaneously.

Their applications and use can be found in Industrial & residential domain for heating, ventila ting, and air conditioning systems control

 

10. Soil Moisture sensor:

The Soil Moisture Sensor is used to measure the volumetric water content of soil. This makes it ideal for performing experiments in courses such as soil science, agricultural science, environmental science, horticulture, botany, and biology.

11. Temprature sensor (LM35) :

The LM35 temperature sensor works by converting temperature into a proportional analog voltage output. This voltage is directly calibrated to the Celsius temperature scale, with a linear relationship of 10 mV per degree Celsius.

The formula used to convert the voltage into temperature is as given as - Temp = ((5 × voltage × 100)/1023)